The Concept of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft  are German words that mean community and society respectively. Introduced in classical social theory, they are used to discuss the different kinds of social ties that exist in small, rural, traditional societies versus large-scale, modern, industrial ones. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in Sociology Early German sociologist Ferdinand  Tà ¶nnies introduced the concepts of  Gemeinschaft (Gay-mine-shaft)  and  Gesellschaft  (Gay-zel-shaft) in his 1887 book  Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. Tà ¶nnies presented these as analytic concepts which he found useful for studying the differences between the kinds of rural, peasant societies that were being replaced across Europe by modern, industrial ones.  Following this, Max Weber further developed these concepts as ideal types in his book  Economy and Society  (1921)  and in his essay Class, Status, and Party. For Weber, they were useful as ideal types for tracking and studying the changes in societies, social structure, and social order over time. The Personal and Moral Nature of Social Ties Within a  Gemeinschaft   According to  Tà ¶nnies,  Gemeinschaft, or community, is comprised of  personal social ties and in-person interactions that are defined by traditional social rules and result in an overall cooperative social organization. The values and beliefs common to a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Gemeinschaft  are organized around appreciation for personal ties, and because of this, social interactions are personal in nature.  Tà ¶nnies believed that these kinds of interactions and social ties were driven by emotions and sentiments (Wesenwille), by a sense of moral obligation to others, and were common to rural, peasant, small-scale, homogenous societies.  When Weber wrote about these terms in  Economy and Society, he suggested that a  Gemeinschaft  is produced by the subjective feeling that is tied to affect and tradition. The Rational and Efficient Nature of Social Ties Within a  Gesellschaft On the other hand,  Gesellschaft, or society, is comprised of impersonal and indirect social ties and interactions that are not necessarily carried out face-to-face (they can be carried out via telegram, telephone, in written form, through a chain of command, etc.). The ties and interactions that characterize a  Gesellschaft  are guided by formal values and beliefs that are directed by rationality and efficiency, as well as by economic, political, and self-interests. While social interaction is guided by  Wesenwille, or seemingly naturally occurring emotions  in a  Gemeinschaft, in a  Gesellschaft,  Kà ¼rwille, or rational will, guides it. This kind of social organization is common to large-scale, modern, industrial, and cosmopolitan societies that are structured around large organizations of government and private enterprise, both of which often take the form of bureaucracies. Organizations and the social order as a whole are organized by a complex division of labor, roles, and tasks. As Weber explained, such a form of social order is the result of rational agreement by mutual consent, meaning members of society agree to participate and abide the given rules, norms, and practices because rationality tells them that they benefit by doing so. Tà ¶nnies observed that the traditional bonds of family, kinship, and religion that provide the basis for social ties, values, and interactions in a  Gemeinschaft  are displaced by scientific rationality and self-interest in a  Gesellschaft. While social relations are cooperative in a  Gemeinschaft  it is more common to find competition in a  Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft  and  Gesellschaft  in Modern Times While it is true that one can observe distinctly different types of social organizations prior to and after the industrial age, and when comparing rural versus urban environments, its important to recognize that  Gemeinschaft  and  Gesellschaft are ideal types. This means that though they are useful conceptual tools for seeing and understanding how society works, they are rarely if ever observed exactly as they are defined, nor are they mutually exclusive. Instead, when you look at the social world around you, you are likely to see both forms of social order present. You may find that you are part of communities in which social ties and social interaction are guided by a sense of traditional and moral responsibility while simultaneously living within a complex, post-industrial society.

The Effects Of Social Anxiety On The Individual - 2319 Words

Graham EN 112 April 10, 2015 The Effects of Social Anxiety About fifteen million people in the United States suffer from social anxiety (nimh.nih.gov). That is a substantial number of people. If that number is so high, then why do people not hear about it? This is because social anxiety is a silent killer. Many people cannot tell if another one has social anxiety. The effects of social anxiety are awful and they need to be fixed very quickly. There are many physical and emotional effects of social anxiety on the individual, as well as the people around them. So, what is social anxiety? Social anxiety is an extreme fear of being embarrassed or judged by others. This extreme fear can mess up every day occurrences in many people’s lives.†¦show more content†¦Trying to predict when the anxiety is going to act up is a problem in and of itself. It can even make a person anxious by worrying about when they might be anxious. There is a difference in social phobia and just regular human shyness. Social phobia is an anxiety disorder that consists of severe amounts of anxiety and self-consciousness when sufferers are performing every day actions. Social anxiety affects only a very small amount of young ones and only a fraction of ones that consider themselves shy. There are many physical symptoms that go along with social phobia. These symptoms include shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness of light headedness, feelings of detachment, loss of self-control, trembling, profuse sweating, blushing, nausea or other abdominal distress, and rapid heartbeat. One who thinks that these are just normal everyday symptoms, would be very wrong. People with social anxiety suffer from these physical symptoms to a degree much higher than a regular human being. People with an anxiety disorder have a hormonal imbalance in their brains. Heir serotonin level are much lower than that of a normal human brain. This causes them to feel emotional pain more strongly than others without this problem. Many people can relate to the anxious feeling when they are giving a presentation or going out on a date. People with social phobia experience their

Love Song Free Essays

I thought of it as a positive because he was almost escaping time. B: Okay so he’s Just like thinking about everything in this moment so time doesn’t exist anymore A: Yes B: So when he says â€Å"Let fall upon the its back the soot falls from chimneys. † he almost personifying their sleep. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Song or any similar topic only for you Order Now Okay because I kind of saw it as him reflecting on his entire life and how there will be time to do all these things that I want to do but in the end is it worth it? And when he says â€Å"let us go then you and l. Maybe he’s talking about the afterlife and saying what is the meaning of all of this until you get there. They also talk about Michelangelo, maybe because he’s dead but almost amortized. A: He said â€Å"Do I dare† often and â€Å"how should I should I presume† I don’t know maybe that’s Just the uncertainty if It all and like the things like he said let us go and take these risks but he questioned it. Just moments we overlook or miss out on because we don’t know how to think. Then he talked about like In line 40 and on â€Å"my hair growing thin† â€Å"my arms are thin† â€Å"do I disturb the universe? † do I question time do I go out even though nature Is taking Its course B: And he says indeed there will be time to wonder do I dare like there will be time to think about the things that you would have done and maybe he regrets not doing some of them. Like he says â€Å"l have measured my life with coffee spoons† and he know the voices and has kind of been In the background. You know coffee spoons Is kind of tedious A: Yea kind of living autonomously, Just like day by day doing the same thing and then think maybe this moment Is something different or special or he has this revelation that maybe I should take a risk and I guess In that moment he thinks this Is how I’m living my life and kind of reflects B: He repeats the question â€Å"would It have been worthwhile to do al these things and says no I am not prince hamlet nor was I meant to b† and he says â€Å"I’m more Like a fool and fool and someone who advises the prince† and I don’t know what do you think that means A: He also mentions Like a lot of characters really exalted people and he’s saying†¦ B: Kind of that he won’t be remembered A: Exactly Like talking of Michelangelo, and Lazarus and a prophet, Prince Hamlet B: Yea and he’s not prince hamlet A: He’s not anything special I guess or he wants to be B: And so how does this reflect on love then he’s saying would I have been worthwhile o squeeze this universe Into ball A: It think maybe In this moment he this thinks to himself what If I had lived my life Like this all the time and what If I had taken risks I could have know this feeling more. If we’re looking at It Like love or even If It Is the end of his life and In the afterlife he’s thinking I could have done so much more Like I’m not this person but I could have been and Instead I was the assistant that’s Just the uncertainty if it all and like the things like he said let us go and take we don’t know how to think. Then he talked about like in line 40 and on â€Å"my hair o out even though nature is taking i ts course B: And he says indeed there will be measured my life with coffee spoons† and he know the voices and has kind of been in the background. You know coffee spoons is kind of tedious A: Yea kind of living moment is something different or special or he has this revelation that maybe I should take a risk and I guess in that moment he thinks this is how I’m living my life and kind of reflects B: He repeats the question â€Å"would it have been worthwhile to do says â€Å"I’m more like a fool and fool and someone who advises the prince† and I don’t now what do you think that means A: He also mentions like a lot of characters really A: Exactly like talking of Michelangelo, and Lazarus and a prophet, Prince Hamlet B: to squeeze this universe into ball A: It think maybe in this moment he this thinks to himself what if I had lived my life like this all the time and what if I had taken risks I could have know this feeling more. If we’re looking at it like love or even if it is the end of his life and in the afterlife he’s thinking I could have done so much more like I’m not this pe rson but I could have been and instead I was the assistant How to cite Love Song, Papers